| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Joshua P. Newell |
| Author | Benjamin Goldstein |
| Author | Alec Foster |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fab0767 |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Pages | 073003 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | July 2019 |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/ab0767 |
| Accessed | 5/21/2020, 9:42:31 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | Essential for society to function, the production and consumption of food, energy, and water (FEW) are deeply intertwined, leading to calls for a nexus approach to understand and manage the complex tradeoffs and cascading effects. What research exists to date on this FEW nexus? How have scholars conceptualized these interactions at the urban scale? What are some promising approaches? Where are the research gaps? To answer these questions, we conducted a quantitative review of the academic literature on the FEW nexus (1399 publications) over more than four decades (1973–2017), followed by in-depth analysis of the most influential papers using an evaluation matrix that examined four components: 1) modeling approach; 2) scale; 3) nexus ‘trigger’; and 4) governance and policy. Scholars in the fields of environmental science predominated, while social science domains were under-represented. Most papers used quantitative rather than qualitative approaches, especially integrated assessment and systems dynamics modeling although spatial scale was generally recognized, explicit consideration of multi-scalar interactions was limited. Issues of institutional structure, governance, equity, resource access, and behavior were also underdeveloped. Bibliometric analysis of this literature revealed six distinct research communities, including a nascent urban FEW community. We replicated the analysis for this urban group, finding it to be just emerging (80% of papers have been published since 2010) and dominated by scholars in industrial ecology. These scholars focus on quantifying FEW flows of the urban metabolism in isolation rather than as a nexus, largely ignoring the political and socio-economic factors shaping these flows. We propose the urban FEW metabolism as a boundary object to draw in diverse scholarly and practitioner communities. This will advance research on complex FEW systems in four key areas: (1) integration of heterogeneous models and approaches; (2) scalar linkages between urban consumption and trans-boundary resource flows; (3) how actors and institutions shape resource access, distribution and use; and (4) co-production of knowledge with stakeholders. |
| Date Added | 5/21/2020, 9:42:41 AM |
| Modified | 5/21/2020, 9:42:41 AM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Catherine I. Birney |
| Author | Katy F. Franklin |
| Author | F. Todd Davidson |
| Author | Michael E. Webber |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faa8494 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 10 |
| Pages | 105008 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | October 2017 |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aa8494 |
| Accessed | 5/21/2020, 9:41:20 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | This paper assesses the environmental impacts of the average American’s diet and food loss and waste (FLW) habits through an analysis of energy, water, land, and fertilizer requirements (inputs) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (outputs). We synthesized existing datasets to determine the ramifications of the typical American adult’s food habits, as well as the environmental impact associated with shifting diets to meet the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) dietary guideline recommendations. In 2010, FLW accounted for 35% of energy use, 34% of blue water use, 34% of GHG emissions, 31% of land use, and 35% of fertilizer use related to an individual’s food-related resource consumption, i.e. their foodprint. A shift in consumption towards a healthier diet, combined with meeting the USDA and Environmental Protection Agency’s 2030 food loss and waste reduction goal could increase per capita food related energy use 12%, decrease blue water consumption 4%, decrease green water use 23%, decrease GHG emissions from food production 11%, decrease GHG emissions from landfills 20%, decrease land use 32%, and increase fertilizer use 12%. |
| Date Added | 5/21/2020, 9:41:34 AM |
| Modified | 5/21/2020, 9:41:34 AM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | John Sherwood |
| Author | Raeanne Clabeaux |
| Author | Michael Carbajales-Dale |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faa83f0 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 10 |
| Pages | 105003 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | September 2017 |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aa83f0 |
| Accessed | 5/21/2020, 9:40:31 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | We developed a physically-based environmental account of US food production systems and integrated these data into the environmental-input–output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) model. The extended model was used to characterize the food, energy, and water (FEW) intensities of every US economic sector. The model was then applied to every Bureau of Economic Analysis metropolitan statistical area (MSA) to determine their FEW usages. The extended EIO-LCA model can determine the water resource use (kGal), energy resource use (TJ), and food resource use in units of mass (kg) or energy content (kcal) of any economic activity within the United States. We analyzed every economic sector to determine its FEW intensities per dollar of economic output. This data was applied to each of the 382 MSAs to determine their total and per dollar of GDP FEW usages by allocating MSA economic production to the corresponding FEW intensities of US economic sectors. Additionally, a longitudinal study was performed for the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA, metropolitan statistical area to examine trends from this singular MSA and compare it to the overall results. Results show a strong correlation between GDP and energy use, and between food and water use across MSAs. There is also a correlation between GDP and greenhouse gas emissions. The longitudinal study indicates that these correlations can shift alongside a shifting industrial composition. Comparing MSAs on a per GDP basis reveals that central and southern California tend to be more resource intensive than many other parts of the country, while much of Florida has abnormally low resource requirements. Results of this study enable a more complete understanding of food, energy, and water as key ingredients to a functioning economy. With the addition of the food data to the EIO-LCA framework, researchers will be able to better study the food–energy–water nexus and gain insight into how these three vital resources are interconnected. Applying this extended model to MSAs has demonstrated that all three resources are important to a MSA’s vitality, though the exact proportion of each resource may differ across urban areas. |
| Date Added | 5/21/2020, 9:40:41 AM |
| Modified | 5/21/2020, 9:40:41 AM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Anu Ramaswami |
| Author | Dana Boyer |
| Author | Ajay Singh Nagpure |
| Author | Andrew Fang |
| Author | Shelly Bogra |
| Author | Bhavik Bakshi |
| Author | Elliot Cohen |
| Author | Ashish Rao-Ghorpade |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faa5556 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 025008 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | February 2017 |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aa5556 |
| Accessed | 2/6/2020, 10:53:18 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | This paper develops a generalizable systems framework to analyze the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus from an urban systems perspective, connecting in- and trans-boundary interactions, quantifying multiple environmental impacts of community-wide FEW provisioning to cities, and visualizing FEW supply-chain risks posed to cities by the environment. Delhi’s community-wide food demand includes household consumption by socio-economic-strata, visitors- and industrial food-use. This demand depends 90%, 76%, and 86% on trans-boundary supply of FEW, respectively. Supply chain data reveal unique features of trans-boundary FEW production regions (e.g. irrigation-electricity needs and GHG intensities of power-plants), yielding supply chain-informed coupled energy-water-GHG footprints of FEW provisioning to Delhi. Agri-food supply contributes to both GHG (19%) and water-footprints (72%–82%) of Delhi’s FEW provisioning, with milk, rice and wheat dominating these footprints. Analysis of FEW interactions within Delhi found >75% in-boundary water-use for food is for urban agriculture and >76% in-boundary energy-use for food is from cooking fuels. Food waste-to-energy and energy-intensity of commercial and industrial food preparation are key data gaps. Visualizing supply chains shows >75% of water embodied in Delhi’s FEW supply is extracted from locations over-drafting ground water. These baseline data enable evaluation of future urban FEW scenarios, comparing impacts of demand shifts, production shifts, and emerging technologies and policies, within and outside of cities. |
| Short Title | An urban systems framework to assess the trans-boundary food-energy-water nexus |
| Date Added | 5/15/2020, 2:26:05 PM |
| Modified | 5/15/2020, 2:26:05 PM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Andrew Berardy |
| Author | Mikhail V. Chester |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faa5e6d |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 035004 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | February 2017 |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aa5e6d |
| Accessed | 5/21/2020, 9:39:19 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | Interdependent systems providing water and energy services are necessary for agriculture. Climate change and increased resource demands are expected to cause frequent and severe strains on these systems. Arizona is especially vulnerable to such strains due to its hot and arid climate. However, its climate enables year-round agricultural production, allowing Arizona to supply most of the country’s winter lettuce and vegetables. In addition to Phoenix and Tucson, cities including El Paso, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and San Diego rely on Arizona for several types of agricultural products such as animal feed and livestock, meaning that disruptions to Arizona’s agriculture also disrupt food supply chains to at least six major cities. Arizona’s predominately irrigated agriculture relies on water imported through an energy intensive process from water-stressed regions. Most irrigation in Arizona is electricity powered, so failures in energy or water systems can cascade to the food system, creating a food-energy-water (FEW) nexus of vulnerability. We construct a dynamic simulation model of the FEW nexus in Arizona to assess the potential impacts of increasing temperatures and disruptions to energy and water supplies on crop irrigation requirements, on-farm energy use, and yield. We use this model to identify critical points of intersection between energy, water, and agricultural systems and quantify expected increases in resource use and yield loss. Our model is based on threshold temperatures of crops, USDA and US Geological Survey data, Arizona crop budgets, and region-specific literature. We predict that temperature increase above the baseline could decrease yields by up to 12.2% per 1 °C for major Arizona crops and require increased irrigation of about 2.6% per 1 °C. Response to drought varies widely based on crop and phenophase, so we estimate irrigation interruption effects through scenario analysis. We provide an overview of potential adaptation measures farmers can take, and barriers to implementation. |
| Short Title | Climate change vulnerability in the food, energy, and water nexus |
| Date Added | 5/21/2020, 9:39:32 AM |
| Modified | 5/21/2020, 9:39:32 AM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Eugene Mohareb |
| Author | Martin Heller |
| Author | Paige Novak |
| Author | Benjamin Goldstein |
| Author | Xavier Fonoll |
| Author | Lutgarde Raskin |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faa889b |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 12 |
| Pages | 125004 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | December 2017 |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aa889b |
| Accessed | 5/21/2020, 9:41:52 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | There is an increasing global interest in scaling up urban agriculture (UA) in its various forms, from private gardens to sophisticated commercial operations. Much of this interest is in the spirit of environmental protection, with reduced waste and transportation energy highlighted as some of the proposed benefits of UA; however, explicit consideration of energy and resource requirements needs to be made in order to realize these anticipated environmental benefits. A literature review is undertaken here to provide new insight into the energy implications of scaling up UA in cities in high-income countries, considering UA classification, direct/indirect energy pressures, and interactions with other components of the food–energy–water nexus. This is followed by an exploration of ways in which these cities can plan for the exploitation of waste flows for resource-efficient UA. Given that it is estimated that the food system contributes nearly 15% of total US energy demand, optimization of resource use in food production, distribution, consumption, and waste systems may have a significant energy impact. There are limited data available that quantify resource demand implications directly associated with UA systems, highlighting that the literature is not yet sufficiently robust to make universal claims on benefits. This letter explores energy demand from conventional resource inputs, various production systems, water/energy trade-offs, alternative irrigation, packaging materials, and transportation/supply chains to shed light on UA-focused research needs. By analyzing data and cases from the existing literature, we propose that gains in energy efficiency could be realized through the co-location of UA operations with waste streams (e.g. heat, CO2, greywater, wastewater, compost), potentially increasing yields and offsetting life cycle energy demands relative to conventional approaches. This begs a number of energy-focused UA research questions that explore the opportunities for integrating the variety of UA structures and technologies, so that they are better able to exploit these urban waste flows and achieve whole-system reductions in energy demand. Any planning approach to implement these must, as always, assess how context will influence the viability and value added from the promotion of UA. |
| Date Added | 5/21/2020, 9:42:01 AM |
| Modified | 5/21/2020, 9:42:01 AM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | André Q. Dozier |
| Author | Mazdak Arabi |
| Author | Benjamin C. Wostoupal |
| Author | Christopher G. Goemans |
| Author | Yao Zhang |
| Author | Keith Paustian |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faa7287 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Pages | 085005 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | August 2017 |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7287 |
| Accessed | 5/21/2020, 9:40:08 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | In rapidly urbanizing semi-arid regions, increasing amounts of historically irrigated cropland lies permanently fallowed due to water court policies as agricultural water rights are voluntarily being sold to growing cities. This study develops an integrative framework for assessing the effects of population growth and land use change on agricultural production and evaluating viability of alternative management strategies, including alternative agricultural transfer methods, regional water ownership restrictions, and urban conservation. A partial equilibrium model of a spatially-diverse regional water rights market is built in application of the framework to an exemplary basin. The model represents agricultural producers as profit-maximizing suppliers and municipalities as cost-minimizing consumers of water rights. Results indicate that selling an agricultural water right today is worth up to two times more than 40 years of continued production. All alternative policies that sustain agricultural cropland and crop production decrease total agricultural profitability by diminishing water rights sales revenue, but in doing so, they also decrease municipal water acquisition costs. Defining good indicators and incorporating adequate spatial and temporal detail are critical to properly analyzing policy impacts. To best improve agricultural profit from production and sale of crops, short-term solutions include alternative agricultural transfer methods while long-term solutions incorporate urban conservation. |
| Short Title | Declining agricultural production in rapidly urbanizing semi-arid regions |
| Date Added | 5/21/2020, 9:40:16 AM |
| Modified | 5/21/2020, 9:40:16 AM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Brent R Heard |
| Author | Shelie A Miller |
| Author | Sai Liang |
| Author | Ming Xu |
| URL | https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2211339817300072 |
| Volume | 17 |
| Pages | 48-53 |
| Publication | Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering |
| ISSN | 22113398 |
| Date | 08/2017 |
| Journal Abbr | Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.coche.2017.06.006 |
| Accessed | 11/22/2019, 4:55:53 PM |
| Library Catalog | DOI.org (Crossref) |
| Language | en |
| Date Added | 5/15/2020, 2:26:05 PM |
| Modified | 5/15/2020, 2:26:05 PM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | https://www.statistik-bw.de/Energie/Energiebilanz/LRt1005.jsp |
| Accessed | 9/12/2021, 10:33:09 AM |
| Date Added | 9/12/2021, 10:33:09 AM |
| Modified | 9/12/2021, 10:33:09 AM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | https://www.wien.gv.at/spezial/energiebericht2020/ |
| Accessed | 9/10/2021, 7:33:00 AM |
| Language | de |
| Abstract | Energiebericht 2020 der Stadt Wien - Energiebericht der Stadt Wien |
| Website Title | Energiebericht der Stadt Wien |
| Date Added | 9/10/2021, 7:33:00 AM |
| Modified | 9/10/2021, 7:33:00 AM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Author | MA20 |
| URL | https://www.wien.gv.at/stadtentwicklung/energie/pdf/energiebericht2019-en.pdf |
| Date | 2019 |
| Accessed | 9/12/2021, 10:46:16 AM |
| Date Added | 9/12/2021, 10:46:16 AM |
| Modified | 9/12/2021, 10:04:42 PM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Eric M. Bell |
| Author | Jennifer R. Stokes-Draut |
| Author | Arpad Horvath |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faaa49a |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 025007 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | February 2018 |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aaa49a |
| Accessed | 5/21/2020, 9:42:11 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | Meeting agricultural demand in the face of a changing climate will be one of the major challenges of the 21st century. California is the single largest agricultural producer in the United States but is prone to extreme hydrologic events, including multi-year droughts. Ventura County is one of California’s most productive growing regions but faces water shortages and deteriorating water quality. The future of California’s agriculture is dependent on our ability to identify and implement alternative irrigation water sources and technologies. Two such alternative water sources are recycled and desalinated water. The proximity of high-value crops in Ventura County to both dense population centers and the Pacific Ocean makes it a prime candidate for alternative water sources. This study uses highly localized spatial and temporal data to assess life-cycle energy use, life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions, operational costs, applied water demand, and on-farm labor requirements for four high-value crops. A complete switch from conventional irrigation with groundwater and surface water to recycled water would increase the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions associated with strawberry, lemon, celery, and avocado production by approximately 14%, 7%, 59%, and 9%, respectively. Switching from groundwater and surface water to desalinated water would increase life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions by 33%, 210%, 140%, and 270%, respectively. The use of recycled or desalinated water for irrigation is most financially tenable for strawberries due to their relatively high value and close proximity to water treatment facilities. However, changing strawberry packaging has a greater potential impact on life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions than switching the water source. While this analysis does not consider the impact of water quality on crop yields, previous studies suggest that switching to recycled water could result in significant yield increases due to its lower salinity. |
| Short Title | Environmental evaluation of high-value agricultural produce with diverse water sources |
| Date Added | 5/21/2020, 9:42:19 AM |
| Modified | 5/21/2020, 9:42:19 AM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Author | Hubert Fechner |
| URL | https://oesterreichsenergie.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Oesterreichs_Energie/Publikationsdatenbank/Studien/2020/PV-Studie_2020.pdf |
| Date | 2020 |
| Accessed | 9/12/2021, 5:27:21 PM |
| Date Added | 9/12/2021, 5:27:21 PM |
| Modified | 9/12/2021, 10:03:52 PM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | https://www.statistik-bw.de/Landwirtschaft/Bodennutzung/05025033.tab?R=KR118 |
| Accessed | 9/12/2021, 12:35:16 PM |
| Date Added | 9/12/2021, 12:35:16 PM |
| Modified | 9/12/2021, 12:35:16 PM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | https://financeguru.com/news/new-york-energy-rates-consumption/ |
| Accessed | 9/12/2021, 10:31:50 AM |
| Language | en-US |
| Abstract | Are you spending too much money on your energy bills in New York? Read the average energy rates and usage in New York so you can learn how to lower your electricity and gas bills. |
| Website Title | FinanceGuru |
| Date Added | 9/12/2021, 10:31:50 AM |
| Modified | 9/12/2021, 10:31:50 AM |
| Type | Book |
|---|---|
| Author | Anik Bhaduri |
| Author | Claudia Ringler |
| Author | Ines Dombrowsky |
| Author | Rabi Mohtar |
| Author | Waltina Scheumann |
| Publisher | Routledge |
| ISBN | 978-1-315-40880-4 |
| Date | 2018-04-19 |
| Extra | Google-Books-ID: w0tWDwAAQBAJ |
| Library Catalog | Google Books |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | It is beyond doubt that the interconnectedness between food, energy, water security and environmental sustainability exists and is getting amplified with increased globalization. It has been recognized that efforts to address only one part of a systemic problem by neglecting other inherently interlinked aspects may not lead to desirable and sustainable outcomes. In this perspective, policy- and decision- making requires a nexus approach that reduces trade-offs and builds synergies across sectors, and helps to reduce costs and increase benefits for humans and nature compared to independent approaches to the management of water, energy, food and the environment. In the past, work related to the Nexus has looked at the interactions between water and food or water and energy, but there has been a reluctance to bring forward a broader systematic perspective that captures the multiple sectors and resource dependencies while understanding its cost to the environment if we neglect these linkages. This book is a compilation of thirteen papers published previously as a special issue of Water International, contains significant pieces of work on the W-E-F nexus focusing on relevant tools, solutions and governance at local and broader human scales. |
| # of Pages | 285 |
| Date Added | 6/10/2021, 7:21:17 PM |
| Modified | 6/10/2021, 7:21:17 PM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Davy Vanham |
| Author | Hrvoje Medarac |
| Author | Joep F. Schyns |
| Author | Rick J. Hogeboom |
| Author | Davide Magagna |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fab374a |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue | 10 |
| Pages | 104016 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | October 2019 |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/ab374a |
| Accessed | 3/31/2020, 10:28:06 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | Energy security for the EU is a priority of the European Commission. Although both blue and green water resources are increasingly scarce, the EU currently does not explicitly account for water resource use in its energy related policies. Here we quantify the freshwater resources required to produce the different energy sources in the EU, by means of the water footprint (WF) concept. We conduct the most geographically detailed consumptive WF assessment for the EU to date, based on the newest spatial databases of energy sources. We calculate that fossil fuels and nuclear energy are moderate water users (136–627 m3/terajoules (m3 TJ–1)). Of the renewable energy sources, wood, reservoir hydropower and first generation biofuels require large water amounts (9114–137 624 m3 TJ–1). The most water efficient are solar, wind, geothermal and run-of-river hydropower (1–117 m3 TJ–1). For the EU territory for the year 2015, our geographically detailed assessment results in a WF of energy production from domestic water resources of 198 km3, or 1068 litres per person per day. The WF of energy consumption is larger as the EU is to a high level dependent on imports for its energy supply, amounting to 242 km3 per year, or 1301 litres per person per day. The WF of energy production within the 281 EU statistical NUTS-2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) regions shows spatially heterogeneous values. Different energy sources produced and consumed in the EU contribute to and are produced under average annual and monthly blue water stress and green water scarcity. The amount of production under WS is especially high during summer months. Imported energy sources are also partly produced under WS, revealing risks to EU energy security due to externalisation. For the EU, to decarbonise and increase the share of renewables of its energy supply, it needs to formulate policies that take the water use of energy sources into account. In doing so, the spatial and temporal characteristics of water use and water stress should particularly be considered. |
| Date Added | 5/15/2020, 2:26:05 PM |
| Modified | 5/15/2020, 2:26:05 PM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Moises Covarrubias |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0591-0 |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 277-287 |
| Publication | Sustainability Science |
| ISSN | 1862-4057 |
| Date | 2019-03-01 |
| Journal Abbr | Sustain Sci |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11625-018-0591-0 |
| Accessed | 11/7/2019, 5:50:09 PM |
| Library Catalog | Springer Link |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | Sustainable use and supply of natural resources dedicated to feeding urban life are becoming increasingly complex in a time of rapid urbanization and climate change. Sustainable governance of Water–Energy–Food (WEF) requires innovative and cross-sectorial systems of provisioning. However, practitioners have often treated WEF as separate domains, while ignoring their interconnectedness. What is missing is an ‘Urban Nexus’ perspective, which assumes that environmental flows of WEF interact and relate to one another in achieving urban sustainable development. This paper contributes to theorizing the urban nexus and to understand its emergence and governance from a more socio-material perspective. It offers a conceptual framework that helps to shed light on the social and material flows shaping connections between the sectors of WEF, and the actors facilitating these connections. The paper suggests that switchers and programmers link and configure the socio-material flows of WEF facilitating the emergence of nexus governance networks and nexus programs. In doing so, the paper provides three examples of cities to test the conceptual framework by analyzing their main challenges and examples around the nexus. It demonstrates that material and social dimensions of WEF might not play an equal role in steering synergies or trade-offs—either material or social flows and their agents can be central in facilitating a nexus or in preventing it to take shape. The paper argues that material-focused methodologies need to be complemented with a social flows analysis that pays attention to the daily practice, policies, ideologies, networks or any kind of socio-cultural meaning shaping WEF provisioning. |
| Short Title | The nexus between water, energy and food in cities |
| Date Added | 5/15/2020, 2:26:05 PM |
| Modified | 5/15/2020, 2:26:05 PM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | D. Vanham |
| Author | T. N. Mak |
| Author | B. M. Gawlik |
| URL | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969716308750 |
| Volume | 565 |
| Pages | 232-239 |
| Publication | Science of The Total Environment |
| ISSN | 0048-9697 |
| Date | September 15, 2016 |
| Journal Abbr | Science of The Total Environment |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.172 |
| Accessed | 12/21/2018, 1:25:45 PM |
| Library Catalog | ScienceDirect |
| Abstract | Full self-sufficiency in cities is a major concern. Cities import resources for food, water and energy security. They are however key to global sustainability, as they concentrate a rapidly increasing and urbanising population (or number of consumers). In this paper, we analysed the dependency of urban inhabitants on the resource water for food consumption, by means of Dutch cities. We found that in extremely urbanised municipalities like Amsterdam and Rotterdam, people eat more meat and cereals and less potatoes than in other Dutch municipalities. Their current water footprint (WF) related to food consumption is therefore higher (3245l/cap/day) than in strongly urbanised cities (3126l/cap/day). Dutch urban citizens who eat too many animal products, crop oils and sugar can reduce their WF (with 29 to 32%) by shifting to a healthier diet. Recommended less meat consumption has the largest impact on the total WF reduction. A shift to a pesco-vegetarian or vegetarian diet would require even less water resources, where the WF can be reduced by 36 to 39% and 40 to 42% respectively. Dutch cities such as Amsterdam have always scored very high in international sustainability rankings for cities, partly due to a long history in integrated (urban) water management in the Netherlands. We argue that such existing rankings only show a certain – undoubtedly very important – part of urban environmental sustainability. To communicate the full picture to citizens, stakeholders and policy makers, indicators on external resource usage need to be employed. The fact that external resource dependency can be altered through changing dietary behaviour should be communicated. |
| Short Title | Urban food consumption and associated water resources |
| Date Added | 5/15/2020, 2:26:05 PM |
| Modified | 5/15/2020, 2:26:05 PM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Joshua P. Newell |
| Author | Anu Ramaswami |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fab7419 |
| Volume | 15 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 050201 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | May 2020 |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/ab7419 |
| Accessed | 5/21/2020, 9:38:38 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Short Title | Urban food–energy–water systems |
| Date Added | 5/21/2020, 9:39:05 AM |
| Modified | 5/21/2020, 9:39:05 AM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Author | Yannis Orfanos |
| URL | https://cityvis.io/project.php?id=164 |
| Extra | Library Catalog: cityvis.io |
| Accessed | 5/25/2020, 9:13:54 AM |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | The Information Tool on Urban Water Systems was developed at the Zofnass Program for Sustainable Infrastructure at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. The tool is the outcome of research on urban water management cases across US, from East to West Coast. It is a data-driven framework designed to be tailored to varying water system challenges: from stormwater management in New England, to water shortage as in California. The tool consists of two distinct parts: the first can be summarized as "learn the system" and the second as "improve the system". The scope of the first part is to develop awareness about the water system for non-expert stakeholders, such as city managers and the community. Through data visualization and system-based storytelling, it provides information about the urban water flows, performance data, and geospatial synergies. The second part - through interactive modeling and scenario evaluation - highlights the opportunities to improve the system. Our algorithm identifies the buildings, streets, and parking areas for potential green infrastructure or water-harvesting interventions, and quantifies their impact to the reduction of runoff and imported water. The opportunities (green roofs, street planters, porous pavement) focus on the needs of the City of Chelsea MA, our first prototype. http://zofnass.gsd.harvard.edu |
| Website Title | Visualizing Cities |
| Date Added | 5/25/2020, 9:13:54 AM |
| Modified | 5/25/2020, 9:16:23 AM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | https://cityvis.io/ |
| Extra | Library Catalog: cityvis.io |
| Accessed | 5/25/2020, 9:13:21 AM |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | Aus der Vergangenheit lernen, Gegenwart verstehen, Zukunft gestalten / Learning from the past, understanding the present, shaping our future |
| Website Title | Visualizing Cities |
| Date Added | 5/25/2020, 9:13:21 AM |
| Modified | 5/25/2020, 9:13:21 AM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Author | ktv_aimrek |
| URL | https://www.wien.gv.at/wienwasser/verbrauch.html |
| Accessed | 9/12/2021, 10:55:28 AM |
| Language | de |
| Abstract | Angaben und Aufschlüsselung des täglichen pro-Kopf-Wasserverbrauchs in Österreich |
| Date Added | 9/12/2021, 10:55:28 AM |
| Modified | 9/12/2021, 10:55:28 AM |
| Type | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Author | Leslie Miller-Robbie |
| Author | Anu Ramaswami |
| Author | Priyanie Amerasinghe |
| URL | https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faa6bfe |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Pages | 075005 |
| Publication | Environmental Research Letters |
| ISSN | 1748-9326 |
| Date | July 2017 |
| Extra | Publisher: IOP Publishing |
| Journal Abbr | Environ. Res. Lett. |
| DOI | 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6bfe |
| Accessed | 5/21/2020, 9:39:46 AM |
| Library Catalog | Institute of Physics |
| Language | en |
| Abstract | Nutrients and water found in domestic treated wastewater are valuable and can be reutilized in urban agriculture as a potential strategy to provide communities with access to fresh produce. In this paper, this proposition is examined by conducting a field study in the rapidly developing city of Hyderabad, India. Urban agriculture trade-offs in water use, energy use and GHG emissions, nutrient uptake, and crop pathogen quality are evaluated, and irrigation waters of varying qualities (treated wastewater, versus untreated water and groundwater) are compared. The results are counter-intuitive, and illustrate potential synergies and key constraints relating to the food–energy–water–health (FEW–health) nexus in developing cities. First, when the impact of GHG emissions from untreated wastewater diluted in surface streams is compared with the life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment with reuse in agriculture, the treatment-plus-reuse case yields a 33% reduction in life cycle system-wide GHG emissions. Second, despite water cycling benefits in urban agriculture, only <1% of the nutrients are able to be captured in urban agriculture, limited by the small proportion of effluent divertible to urban agriculture due to land constraints. Thus, water treatment plus reuse in urban farms can enhance GHG mitigation and also directly save groundwater; however, very large amounts of land are needed to extract nutrients from dilute effluents. Third, although energy use for wastewater treatment results in pathogen indicator organism concentrations in irrigation water to be reduced by 99.9% (three orders of magnitude) compared to the untreated case, crop pathogen content was reduced by much less, largely due to environmental contamination and farmer behavior and harvesting practices. The study uncovers key physical, environmental, and behavioral factors that constrain benefits achievable at the FEW-health nexus in urban areas. |
| Short Title | Wastewater treatment and reuse in urban agriculture |
| Date Added | 5/21/2020, 9:39:54 AM |
| Modified | 5/21/2020, 9:39:54 AM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| URL | http://www.wefnexustool.org/login.php |
| Accessed | 6/10/2021, 7:29:50 PM |
| Date Added | 6/10/2021, 7:29:50 PM |
| Modified | 6/10/2021, 7:29:50 PM |
| Type | Web Page |
|---|---|
| Author | Stadtwerke Ludwigsburg-Kornwestheim GmbH |
| URL | https://www.swlb.de/de/Kopfnavigation/News/Aktuelle-Pressemitteilungen/Weltwassertag-2018-.html |
| Accessed | 9/12/2021, 10:54:38 AM |
| Language | de |
| Abstract | Strom, Gas, Wasser, Fernwärme und Service vor Ort - alles aus einer Hand von den Stadtwerken Ludwigsburg-Kornwestheim. |
| Website Title | Stadtwerke Ludwigsburg-Kornwestheim GmbH |
| Date Added | 9/12/2021, 10:54:38 AM |
| Modified | 9/12/2021, 10:54:38 AM |